Doepfer A-110 Standard VCO User Manual download pdf (Page 5)

doepfer

System A - 100

VCO

A-110

Sine Wave

Sine waves are pure waves: they just contain the

fundamental, without any harmonics (see Fig. 5). They

are thus not suitable for subtractive synthesis (shaping

sound with a filter).

Fig. 5: Spectrum of a sine wave

Frequency Modulation (FM)

Because the frequency of the VCO is controlled by the

voltages at inputs " and §, Frequency Modulation is

possible: frequency (pitch) is continuously varied by

the voltages at the CV input/s.

For instance, if the frequency of the VCO is controlled

by a slow LFO, you get typical vibrato (see Fig. 6).

Fig. 6: Frequency modulation using a slow LFO

(Vibrato)

If the modulation frequency is in the audio range,

completely different sounds emerge (see User Exam-

ples 6).

100%

Harmonics

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Doepfer A-110 Standard VCO User Manual Page 5